25.11 Logical Characterisation of Deterministic Büchi Register Automata

Deterministic Büchi register automata (DBRA) over infinite alphabets with equality tests have desirable algorithmic properties, including the decidability of synthesis, known to be EXPTIME [1]. At the same time, logics such as Freeze LTL (LTL\(\downarrow\)), constraint LTL, and variable LTL provide well-studied formalisms for reasoning over infinite data words. [2, 3, 4, 5].\(\\\)

Open Problem:\(\\\)

Is there a temporal logic (or suitable logical fragment) that exactly characterises, or at least translates effectively into, deterministic Büchi register automata (DBRA) over infinite alphabets with equality tests?\(\\\)

[1] Exibard, Léo, Emmanuel Filiot, and Pierre-Alain Reynier. "Synthesis of data word transducers." Logical Methods in Computer Science 17 (2021).\(\\\) [2] Demri, Stéphane, and Karin Quaas. "Constraint automata on infinite data trees: from CTL (Z)/CTL*(Z) to decision procedures." Logical Methods in Computer Science 21 (2025).\(\\\) [3] Stéphane Demri and Ranko Lazić. 2009. LTL with the freeze quantifier and register automata. ACM Trans. Comput. Logic 10, 3, Article 16 (April 2009), 30 pages.\(\\\) [4] Rodríguez, Andoni, and César Sánchez. "Realizability modulo theories." Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming 140 (2024).\(\\\) [5] Faran, Rachel, and Orna Kupferman. "LTL with Arithmetic and its Applications in Reasoning about Hierarchical Systems." LPAR. Vol. 18. 2018.